Rapid Shift to Sustainable Production of Fuels and Focus on Green Development of Petrochemical Industry to Drive Bio Isobutene Market

Isobutene is a small volatile and highly reactive alkane and is an important starting material for the production of aklalyte and polymer gasoline, specialty chemicals, and butyl rubber. Isobutene is exclusively produced from fossil fuels through petrochemical cracking of crude oil. Emergence of global climate crisis has boosted demand for renewable alternatives for crude oil-based products. This is shifting focus on production of isobutene from renewable sources and includes two approaches; production of bio-based iosbutanol by bacterial fermentation and subsequent dehydration of isobutanol to isobutene and introduction of complete artificial metabolic pathway to convert glucose to isobutene by bacterial fermentation. Bio-iosbutene production route involves use of biomass-derived sugars and this has led to increase in research to identify enzymes and pathways for biological isobutene production.

Extensive metabolic engineering is needed for achieving economically viable yields and productivities during biological isobutene production. Advantages of completely biological production is that instead of isobutanol, gaseous isobutene is recovered from the fermenter along with carbon dioxide. In addition, growing focus on making production of this compound cost-efficient can enhance its conversion to biofuels or other products. In 2010, Global Bioenergies patented their research on the fermentative production of isobutene, demonstrating that bio-based production of isobutene was possible. Over the recent years, research has been carried out on the sustainable production of bioisobutene using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as a substrate.  

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In September 2021, a breakthrough research study was published that provided details about creation of evolved enzymes to support a renewable process of isobutene. The new research findings are from a research collaboration between Global Bioenergies and a team of researchers from The University of Manchester. The research study describes evolution and mechanism of isobutene forming enzymes superior to conventional approaches and represents significant improvement in efficiency of bioproduction of isobutene, in turn, contributing to an economically viable and renewable process and accelerating a shift towards a more sustainable future.

Much of the current research is focused on optimization of production organisms via genetic engineering and careful manipulation and regulation of growth conditions. In March 2019, Butagaz and Global Bioenergies delivered the first batch of bio-iosbutene to largest organic wine cooperative in France, called Héraclès winery. Key companies in the Bio Isobutene market include Gevo, Inc., Global Bioenergies, Butagaz, BASF SE, ExxonMobil, LanzaTech Inc., Songwon Industrial, Butamax Advanced Biofuels, Clariant, and INEOS. In February 2022, Sweetwater Energy received final acceptance of its commercial Sunburst unit at Sweetwoods Project in Estonia, which is a bio-based joint industries joint undertaking-funded venture that uses sustainable hardwood to demonstrate efficiency of pretreatment technology in combination with tailored enzymatic solutions. The consortium has already commenced demo-scale bio-isobutene production and recently, conversion of this bio-isobutene into renewable aviation gasoline was successfully demonstrated. The pilot test indicated Sunburst’s cellulosic sugar allow for higher productivity of bio-isobutene with performances that are similar to traditional sugars.

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